Wheat yield and seed physiological quality affected by initial seed vigor, sowing density, and environmental conditions

Optimization of seed density range, combined with the use quality seeds may help generate more profit from wheat production, as these factors affect grain yield and seeds. The aim this study was to evaluate effects initial vigor level sowing densities on productive performance plants physiological two cultivars in cultivation environments. experiment carried out cities Londrina Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, a randomized block design four replications, following 2 × 4 factorial scheme levels (high low), (BRS Gralha-Azul BRS Sabiá), (150, 250, 350, 450 m-2). characteristics were evaluated: emerged seedlings, shoot dry matter, spike density, vegetation index, yield. Additionally, potential produced evaluated by first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, emergence speed index tests. increase up m-2 favored crop both environments; however, it reduced Londrina. Sabiá had better respectively. High-vigor establishment stand, especially under unfavorable environmental conditions.